It is one of the most developed rail networks in France, financially sustained partly by the French railroad SNCF, and partly by the région Alsace. Since the 17th century, the region has passed between German and French control numerous times, resulting in a cultural blend. This memorandum was, however, implemented in a fairly lax manner. In 1951, Article 10 of the Deixonne Law (Loi Deixonne) on the teaching of local languages and dialects made provision for Breton, Basque, Catalan and old Provençal, but not for Corsican, Dutch (West Flemish) or Alsatian in Alsace and Moselle. Many Alsatians also began to sail to the United States, settling in many areas from 1820 to 1850. Current White Population in Alsace Manor,Pennsylvania2020, 2019 with Demographics and Stats by age and gender. It creates Foehn winds which, along with natural irrigation, contribute to the fertility of the soil. [6] An alternative explanation is from a Germanic Ell-sass, meaning "seated on the Ill",[7] a river in Alsace. For the battleship, see, Current administrative regions (since 2016), Former administrative regions (1982–2015), From French Revolution to the Franco-Prussian War, Struggle between France and united Germany. Vins d'Alsace (Alsace wines) are mostly white. Top 15 des communes les plus peuplées d'Alsace, de Strasbourg à Riedisheim . With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. It has regularly increased over time, except in wartime, by both natural growth and migration. Les magasins de l'Alsace. Alsace (/ælˈsæs/,[3] also US: /ælˈseɪs, ˈælsæs/;[4][5] French: [alzas] (listen); Low Alemannic German/Alsatian: 's Elsàss [ˈɛlsɑs]; German: Elsass[a] [ˈɛlzas] (listen); Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland. Served alongside are often roasted or steamed potatoes or dumplings. Population totale, portrait d'un habitant type. France seized Strasbourg in 1681 in an unprovoked action. It is a rift or graben, from the Oligocene epoch, associated with its horsts: the Vosges and the Black Forest. Ajoutez un lieu sur Ville-Data.com c'est libre et gratuit . Population du Grand Est en 2020. Unlike other member states of the German federation, which had governments of their own, the new Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine was under the sole authority of the Kaiser, administered directly by the imperial government in Berlin. By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. Derived from the above, "Alsatia" was historically a cant term for the area near Whitefriars, London, which was for a long time a sanctuary. There are two international airports in Alsace: Strasbourg is also two hours away by road from one of the largest European airports, Frankfurt Main, and 2-hour 30 minutes from Charles de Gaulle Airport through the direct TGV service, stopping in Terminal 2. Most major car journeys are made on the A35 autoroute, which links Saint-Louis on the Swiss border to Lauterbourg on the German border. This teaching of German, referred to as the Holderith Reform, was later extended to all pupils in the last two years of elementary school. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. The town of Mulhouse joined the Swiss Confederation in 1515, where it was to remain until 1798. The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. TER Alsace is the rail network serving Alsace. However, in a Decree of 18 December 1952, supplemented by an Order of 19 December of the same year, optional teaching of the German language was introduced in elementary schools in Communes where the language of habitual use was the Alsatian dialect. Alsatian is taught in schools (but not mandatory) as one of the regional languages of France. It is first known in print in the title of The Squire of Alsatia, a 1688 play written by Thomas Shadwell. The latter was able to use this tax and a dynastic marriage to his advantage to gain back full control of Upper Alsace (apart from the free towns, but including Belfort) in 1477 when it became part of the demesne of the Habsburg family, who were also rulers of the empire. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the eldest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. Both Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Some settled in Texas and Illinois, many to farm or to seek success in commercial ventures: for example, the sailing ships Sully (in May 1843) and Iowa (in June 1844) brought families who set up homes in northern Illinois and northern Indiana. Alsace is a région of varied economic activity, including: Alsace has many international ties and 35% of firms are foreign companies (notably German, Swiss, American, Japanese, and Scandinavian). Alsace is generally seen as the most religious of all the French regions. [15] Others ventured to Canada to settle in southwestern Ontario, notably Waterloo County. Few young people speak Alsatian today, although there do still exist one or two enclaves in the Sundgau region where some older inhabitants cannot speak French, and where Alsatian is still used as the mother tongue. Some Alsatian immigrants were noted for their roles in 19th-century American economic development. Villes par Nombre d'Habitants en Alsace Liste des Plus Grosses Villes. This situation prevailed until 1639, when most of Alsace was conquered by France to keep it out of the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who by secret treaty in 1617 had gained a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands, the Spanish Road. Later the province became a diffuse border region between the French and the German cultures and languages. [11] Jews were subsequently forbidden to settle in the town. La population de Colmar a été estimée à 66 560 habitants en 2007. Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property. They financed about a third of the mortgages in Alsace. La publication World Population Prospects fournit les estimations de population des Nations unies pour tous les pays du monde pour chaque année entre 1950 et 2020 et les projections selon différents scénarios (bas, moyen et haut) pour chaque année entre 2020 et 2100. [citation needed] In the 1830–1870 era, most Jews moved to the cities, where they integrated and acculturated, as antisemitism sharply declined. Otto von Bismarck annexed Alsace and northern Lorraine to the new German Empire in 1871. During most of the part of its history, a great part of Alsace was flooded by the Rhine every year. Tous les apparthotels de l'Alsace et ceux à proximité immédiate avec leurs coordonnées. La population de Colmar était de 65 118 habitants en 1999, 63 498 habitants en 1990, 62 483 habitants en 1982, 64 771 habitants en 1975 et 59 506 habitants en 1968. Il y a 5 511 747 habitants dans la région du Grand Est en 2020, la population légale officielle du Grand Est est cependant de 5 555 … Antisemitic local riots occasionally occurred, especially during the Revolution of 1848. Le rythme de croissance démographique de la région (+ 0,4 % dans le Bas-Rhin et + 0,3 % dans le Haut-Rhin par rapport à 2018) est égal à celui de la moyenne nationale mais supérieur à celui du Grand Est (+ 0,1 %) . In response to the "hundred day" restoration of Napoleon I of France in 1815, Alsace along with other frontier provinces of France was occupied by foreign forces from 1815 to 1818,[13] including over 280,000 soldiers and 90,000 horses in Bas-Rhin alone. France consolidated its hold with the 1679 Treaties of Nijmegen, which brought most remaining towns under its control. The opening is envisaged at the end of 2011, with an average usage of 41,000 vehicles a day. It took up winter quarters, demanded the submission of Metz and Strasbourg and launched an attack on Basel. The economic and cultural capital of Alsace, as well as its largest city, is Strasbourg, which sits right on the contemporary German international border. These cause a major buildup of traffic and are the main sources of pollution in the towns, notably in Strasbourg where the motorway traffic of the A35 was 170,000 per day in 2002. In 1792, Rouget de Lisle composed in Strasbourg the Revolutionary marching song "La Marseillaise" (as Marching song for the Army of the Rhine), which later became the anthem of France. Until its abolition in 2015, the Alsace region was divided into 2 departments, 13 departmental arrondissements, 75 cantons (not shown here), and 904 communes: Alsace's population increased to 1,872,949 in 2014. The population of the departments of Normandy Region according to census results and latest official estimates. The traditional language of the région is Alsatian, an Alemannic dialect of Upper German spoken on both sides of the Rhine and closely related to Swiss German. After the end of the Thirty Years War, southern Alsace was annexed by France in 1648, with most of the remainder captured later in the century. Alsatian cuisine, somewhat based on German culinary traditions, is marked by the use of pork in various forms. La plus grande ville de l'Alsace est la ville de Strasbourg avec une population de 271.782 habitants. Since 2006, France computes the population size from census results counted in different years. A 1999 INSEE survey, included in the 1999 Census, the majority of the population in Alsace speak French as their first language, 39.0% (or 500,000 people) of the population speak Alsatian, 16.2% (or 208,000 people) speak German, 75,200 people speak English (or 5.9%) and 27,600 people speak Italian.[31]. After the 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War, Alsace became a part of the 1871 unified German Empire as a formal Emperor's Land. Current Alsace Manor, Pennsylvania Population, Demographics and stats in 2020, 2019. 1), 53 sites potentiels ont tous été contrôlés en totalité par 6 Until 1871, Alsace included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort, which formed its southernmost part. When they were later permitted to return (in some cases not until 1799), it was often to find that their lands and homes had been confiscated. Partagez vos avis sur les lycées publics en Alsace. Although the French king gained sovereignty, existing rights and customs of the inhabitants were largely preserved. The 2019 figures are calculated by using vital statistics and an estimate of net migration. According to the Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Alsace had a gross domestic product of 44.3 billion euros in 2002. In more recent years, the Alsatian language is again being promoted by local, national, and European authorities as an element of the region's identity. The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. But Alsace still contained islands of territory nominally under the sovereignty of German princes and an independent city-state at Mulhouse. As an administrative entity, it encompassed the départements of Haut-Rhin (“Upper Rhine”) and Bas-Rhin (“Lower Rhine”) and was bounded by the régions of Lorraine to the west and Franche-Comté to the southwest. Alsace is also well known for its foie gras made in the region since the 17th century. Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today predominantly French in language and culture. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsace. Le recensement s’achève le 16 Février 2019 . In the perversion of their French life they have no exact idea of what concerns Germany. In 1349, Jews of Alsace were accused of poisoning the wells with plague, leading to the massacre of thousands of Jews during the Strasbourg pogrom. When the French Revolutionary Army of the Rhine was victorious, tens of thousands fled east before it. During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. [8] By 1500 BC,[9] Celts began to settle in Alsace, clearing and cultivating the land. Half-timbered houses were easy to knock down and to move around during those times (a day was necessary to move it and a day to rebuild it in another place). Alsatians played an active role in the French Revolution. It is almost four times longer than it is wide, corresponding to a plain between the Rhine in the east and the Vosges mountains in the west. At about this time, the surrounding areas experienced recurring fragmentation and reincorporations among a number of feudal secular and ecclesiastical lordships, a common process in the Holy Roman Empire. German traits remain in the more traditional, rural parts of the culture, such as the cuisine and architecture, whereas modern institutions are totally dominated by French culture. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketplace, "protected by ancient custom and the independence of their patrons". Carte des magasins, adresses et coordonnées, horaires et avis. Carte Pratique pour trouver un Appart hotel proche de sa destination. Jews were barred from most cities and instead lived in villages. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). At that time, the French trunk road left of the Rhine not been built, so that traffic would cross into Germany to use the Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn. However, while French is the major language of the region, the Alsatian dialect of French is heavily influenced by German and other languages such as Yiddish in phonology and vocabulary. Epidemic response measures were triggered in France on 1 March and gradually developed until 17 March when nationwide lockdown was enforced, with strict home confinement of the entire population. A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea. The end of the war led to the unification of Germany. The network is of a very good standard and well signposted. It retains its power over the surrounding area. Au 1er janvier 2019, la population légale est de 1 121 407 personnes dans le Bas-Rhin et 762 743 dans le Haut-Rhin, d'après la dernière publication de l'Insee basée sur les chiffres de 2016. [16] The constitution of the Reichsland of 1911 reserved one seat in the first chamber of the Landtag for a representative of the Jewish Consistory of Alsace-Lorraine (besides two seats respectively for the two main Christian denominations). Strasbourg 's 2020 population is now estimated at 475,227. In 357 AD, Germanic tribes attempted to conquer Alsace but they were rebuffed by the Romans. [30] However, visitors to Alsace can see indications of renewed political and cultural interest in the language – in Alsatian signs appearing in car-windows and on hoardings, and in new official bilingual street signs in Strasbourg and Mulhouse. We Germans who know Germany and France know better what is good for the Alsatians than the unfortunates themselves. Additionally, Alsace is known for its fruit juices and mineral waters. Policies forbidding the use of German and requiring French were promptly introduced. The population grew rapidly, from 800,000 in 1814 to 914,000 in 1830 and 1,067,000 in 1846. Territorial reform passed by the French legislature in 2014 resulted in the merger of the Alsace administrative region with Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine to form Grand Est. Age et Situation d'un Habitant Type Données Économiques, Démographiques et Touristiques, En enregistrant votre contribution, vous acceptez les. Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. L'habitant type de l'Alsace serait donc une femme marié(e) sans enfant entre 40 et 54 ans ! On 21 July 1789, after receiving news of the Storming of the Bastille in Paris, a crowd of people stormed the Strasbourg city hall, forcing the city administrators to flee and putting symbolically an end to the feudal system in Alsace. [citation needed]. German original names in brackets if French names are different, There is an accord de coopération internationale between Alsace and the following regions:[35], "Elsaß" redirects here. Résultats au bac, séries proposées et nombre d'élèves des lycées publics du secteur de l'Alsace. Niveau de chômage par tranche d'âge, classement de l'Alsace. ... 6 pôles de compétitivité (industries et agro-ressources, Alsace biovalley, véhicule du futur, materalia, fibres énergivie, hydreos). By 1831, the state began paying salaries to official rabbis, and in 1846 a special legal oath for Jews was discontinued. They concentrated in trade, services, and especially in money lending. The sailors returned home and tried to found an independent republic. It borders Germany on the north and the east, Switzerland and Franche-Comté on the south, and Lorraine on the west. Vous trouverez ci-dessous un ensemble de graphiques courbes et statistiques du recensement de la population de la ville de Colmar. After World War I the province went to the Third French Republic. This growth has even accelerated at the end of the 20th century. To add to the buildup of traffic, the neighbouring German state of Baden-Württemberg has imposed a tax on heavy-goods vehicles using their Autobahnen. Classement des Villes par la Population. Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Having been early and always densely populated, Alsace is famous for its high number of picturesque villages, churches and castles and for the various beauties of its three main towns, in spite of severe destructions suffered throughout five centuries of wars between France and Germany. The A4 toll road (towards Paris) begins 20 km northwest of Strasbourg and the A36 toll road towards Lyon, begins 10 km west from Mulhouse. It is a region in the east of France with a population of approximately 1.9 million people. Sauerkraut can be served with poultry, pork, sausage or even fish. At the same time, some Alsatians were in opposition to the Jacobins and sympathetic to the restoration of the monarchy pursued by the invading forces of Austria and Prussia who sought to crush the nascent revolutionary republic. Alors que 762 368 habitants sont mariés, 111 196 sont veufs et 108 023 habitants de l'Alsace sont divorcés. These hardships were blamed on Jews, leading to the pogroms of 1336 and 1339. The stork is a main feature of Alsace and was the subject of many legends told to children. By 58 BC, the Romans had invaded and established Alsace as a center of viticulture. It was in Strasbourg that German was first used for the liturgy. The merger of Alsace into Germany in 1871–1918 lessened antisemitic violence. It contains many forests, primarily in the Vosges and in Bas-Rhin (Haguenau Forest). Between 1870 and 1918, Alsace was annexed by the German Empire in the form of an imperial province or Reichsland, and the mandatory official language, especially in schools, became High German. They were successful as moneylenders and had the favor of the Emperor. About 50 such "simultaneous churches" still exist in modern Alsace, though with the Catholic church's general lack of priests they tend to hold Catholic services only occasionally. Mulhouse (a city in southern Alsace) which became part of Switzerland back in 1466, joined France in 1798.[8].