[18] However, Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani in his biography of al-Shāfi'ī Tawālī al-Ta'sīs, casts doubt on this story saying "I do not consider this from a reliable source". [36] While earlier, sunnah had been used to refer to tribal manners and customs,[37] (and while Al-Shāfi‘ī distinguished between the non-authoritative "sunnah of the Muslims" that was followed in practice, and the "sunnah of the Prophet" that Muslims should follow),[29] sunnah came to mean the Sunnah of Muhammad. He who seeks pearls immerses himself in the sea. Some are good and some are bad. [10] An account states that his mother could not afford to buy his paper, so he would write his lessons on bones, particularly shoulder-bones. Page 27 Dār Al-Wafa’, Khadduri, pp. ", Muhammad al-Shaybani said, "If the scholars of hadith speak, it is in the language of al-Shafi’i. He was also an accomplished archer,[11] a poet and some accounts call him the most eloquent of his time. Even in later eras, his speeches and works were used by Arabic grammarians. One anecdote states that he would always cover one side of a book while reading because a casual glance at the other page would commit it to memory. "[30][31] While traditionally the Quran is considered above the Sunna in authority, Al-Shafi'i "forcefully argued" that the sunna stands "on equal footing with the Quran", (according to scholar Daniel Brown) for – as Al-Shafi'i put it – "the command of the Prophet is the command of Almighty Allah . "Where his contemporaries and their predecessors had engaged in defining Islam as a social and historical phenomenon, Shafi'i sought to define a revealed Law."[29]. [10] Whilst other conspirators were put to death, al-Shafi'i's own eloquent defense convinced the Caliph to dismiss the charge. He designated the four principles/sources/components of fiqh, which in order of importance are: Scholar John Burton goes farther, crediting Al-Shafi'i not just with establishing the science of fiqh in Islam, but its importance to the religion. Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, Al-Risalafi Usui al-Fiqh: Treatise on the Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence, trans., intro., and notes Majid Khadduri, 2nd ed. He was also an accomplished archer,[11] a poet and some accounts call him the most eloquent of his time. [11][16] By the time of Imam Mālik's death in 179 AH (795 CE), al-Shāfi‘ī had already gained a reputation as a brilliant jurist. It remains a site where people petition for justice.[38]. The Governor of Egypt, with whom al-Shafi'i had good relations, ordered Fityan punished by having him paraded through the streets of the city carrying a plank and stating the reason for his punishment. [10] What was certain was that the incident brought al-Shāfi‘ī in close contact with al-Shaybānī, who would soon become his teacher. [10], In Mecca, al-Shāfi'ī began to lecture at the Sacred Mosque, leaving a deep impression on many students of law, including the famous Hanbali jurist, Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. Some apocryphal accounts claim he was very handsome, that his beard did not exceed the length of his fist, and that it was very black. "[34], The focus by the Muslim community on ahadith of Muhammad and disinterest in ahadith of Muhammad's companions (whose ahadith were commonly used before Al-Shāfi‘ī since most of whom survived him and spread his teachings after his death) is thought (by scholar Joseph Schacht) to reflect the success of Al-Shāfi‘ī's doctrine. [10], In 814 CE, al-Shāfi'ī decided to leave Baghdad for Egypt. Abū ʿAbdillāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ٱلشَّافِعِيُّ‎, 767–820 CE) was an Arab Muslim theologian, writer, and scholar, who was the first contributor of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Uṣūl al-fiqh). The biography of al-Shāfi‘i is difficult to trace. [10], Nafisah was a descendant of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad, through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali, who married another descendant of Muhammad, that is Is-haq al-Mu'tamin the son of the Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, who was reportedly a teacher of ash-Shafi'i's teacher Malik ibn Anas[2][17]:121 and Abu Hanifah. Read file. He was born in Gaza by the town of Asqalan in 150 AH (767 CE). The following is what seems to be a sensible reading, according to a modern reductionist perspective. [10] Al-Shāfi'ī eventually left Baghdad for Mecca in 804 CE, possibly because of complaints by Hanafī followers to al-Shaybānī that al-Shafi'i had become somewhat critical of al-Shaybānī's position during their disputes. [36] While earlier, sunnah had been used to refer to tribal manners and customs,[37] (and while Al-Shāfi‘ī distinguished between the non-authoritative "sunnah of the Muslims" that was followed in practice, and the "sunnah of the Prophet" that Muslims should follow),[29] sunnah came to mean the Sunnah of Muhammad. "[30][31] While traditionally the Quran is considered above the Sunna in authority, Al-Shafi'i "forcefully argued" that the sunna stands "on equal footing with the Quran", (according to scholar Daniel Brown) for – as Al-Shafi'i put it – "the command of the Prophet is the command of Almighty Allah . [10] However, al-Shāfi‘ī grew up in poverty, in spite of his connections in the highest social circles. [10], Al-Shāfi'ī traveled to Baghdad to study with Abu Hanifah's acolyte al-Shaybānī and others. No one preceded him in writing down the hadith in a book." Khadduri cites for this story Yaqut's. It is followed in many different places in the Islamic world: Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen as well as Sri Lanka and southern parts of India, especially in the Malabar coast of North Kerala and Canara region of Karnataka. [10], Nafisah was a descendant of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad, through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali, who married another descendant of Muhammad, that is Is-haq al-Mu'tamin the son of the Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, who was reportedly a teacher of ash-Shafi'i's teacher Malik ibn Anas[2][17]:121 and Abu Hanifah. Fearing the waste of his sharīf lineage, his mother decided to move to Mecca when he was about two years old. From the book Emergence of Islam by Dr. M. Hamidullah. ", Muhammad al-Shaybani said, "If the scholars of hadith speak, it is in the language of al-Shafi’i. [36], In the Islamic sciences, Burton credits him with "the imposition of a formal theoretical distinction" between `the Sunnah of the Prophet` and the Quran, "especially where the two fundamental sources appeared to clash". Ruthven says that Shafi'i left a mark on Islam that followed the Prophet Muhammad, and Umar (the single most powerful Muslim after the … The Social Sciences, 11 (5), 547-550. [citation needed]. » Une autre fois, il lui dit : « Mouhammad ! La première des deux écoles vit son avènement en Iraq pour prolonger l’approche juridique de notre maître Abd Allâh Ibn Mas`ûd, que Dieu l’agrée, qui a séjourné en ces terres iraqiennes fécondes. The mausoleum was erected for Muhammad ibn Idris ibn al-'Abbas ibn 'Uthman ibn Shafi'i, known by the name of Imam Shafi'i. Download citation. He was also known to be very generous. [36], Saladin built a madrassah and a shrine on the site of his tomb. Coming back to Makkah: After the death of Imam Malik, Imam Al-Shafi’ee returned to Makkah with a great load of knowledge which had influenced his life. Find Free WordPress Themes and plugins. Al-Shāfi‘ī was authorized to issue fatwas at the age of fifteen ..[14], Al-Shāfi‘ī moved to Al-Medinah in a desire for further legal training,[10] as was the tradition of acquiring knowledge. [citation needed] His work thus became known as "al Madhhab al Qadim lil Imam as Shafi’i," or the Old School of al-Shafi'i. This lineage may have given him prestige, arising from his belonging to the tribe of Muhammad, and his great-grandfather's kinship to him. Page 27 Dār Al-Wafa’, Khadduri, pp. Il rencontra ce dernier, qui fut subjugué par le jeune Mouhammad et sa lecture. According to many accounts, he was said to have a photographic memory. Khadduri, p. 16 (Translator's Introduction). Dawud al-Zahiri was said to be the first to write such a biography, but the book has been lost. Al-Shāfi'ī is credited with creating the essentials of the science of fiqh (the system of Islamic jurisprudence). He was the most prominent student of Imam Malik ibn Anas, and he also served as the Governor of Najar. The precise reasons for his departure from Iraq are uncertain, but it was in Egypt that he would meet another tutor, Sayyida Nafisa bint Al-Hasan, who would also financially support his studies,[3][4][5] and where he would dictate his life's works to students. [citation needed] The four Sunni legal schools or madhhabs keep their traditions within the framework that Shafi'i established. He played chess himself, defending his practice by the example of many of his companions. Fearing the waste of his sharīf lineage, his mother decided to move to Mecca when he was about two years old. [citation needed] The four Sunni legal schools or madhhabs keep their traditions within the framework that Shafi'i established. The Governor of Egypt, with whom al-Shafi'i had good relations, ordered Fityan punished by having him paraded through the streets of the city carrying a plank and stating the reason for his punishment. Famous Arab theologian, writer and scholar, "Imam Shafi" redirects here. "If a hadith is authenticated as coming from the Prophet, we have to resign ourselves to it, and your talk and the talk of others about why and how, is a mistake ...", al-Shafi'i, Muhammad b. Idris,"The Book of the Amalgamation of Knowledge" translated by Aisha Y. Musa in Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam, New York: Palgrave, 2008, This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 22:59. [1], At least one authority states that al-Shāfi'ī died as a result of injuries sustained from an attack by supporters of a Maliki follower named Fityan. One of the schools – Shafi'i fiqh – is named for Al-Shāfi‘ī. He played chess himself, defending his practice by the example of many of his companions. However, he declined to pursue his interest in poetry and decided to pursue the … Often referred to as 'Shaykh al-Islām', al-Shāfi‘ī was one of the four great Sunni Imams, whose legacy on juridical matters and teaching eventually led to the Shafi'i school of fiqh (or Madh'hab). This lineage may have given him prestige, arising from his belonging to the tribe of Muhammad, and his great-grandfather's kinship to him. Several of his leading disciples would write down what al-Shāfi'ī said, who would then have them read it back aloud so that corrections could be made. Al-Shāfi'ī is credited with creating the essentials of the science of fiqh (the system of Islamic jurisprudence). [11], At the age of thirty, al-Shāfi‘ī was appointed as the ‘Abbasid governor in the Yemeni city of Najran. This lineage may have given him prestige, arising from his belonging to the tribe of Muhammad, and his great-grandfather's kinship to him. [10] Even though he would later disagree with some of the views of Imam Mālik, al-Shāfi‘ī accorded the deepest respect to him by always referring to him as "the Teacher". He claimed that the game of chess was an image of war, and it was possible to play chess as a mental exercise for the solution of military tactics. 11 256 vues. Al-Shāfi'ī biographers all agree that the legacy of works under his name are the result of those sessions with his disciples. Al-Shafi'i died a few days later. Provided the player took care that his fondness for chess did not cause him to break any other rule of life, he saw no harm in playing chess. "[32][33], "insists time after time that nothing can override the authority of the Prophet, even if it be attested only by an isolate tradition, and that every well-authenticated tradition going back to the Prophet has precedence over the opinions of his Companions, their Successors, and later authorities. He was one of the prominent Imams of Madhabs (school of thought within fiqh) and he produced many books and poems that are comprising various of disciplines, such as … But otherwise, she is not his daughter and therefore she is not unlawful for him. L’imam Ahmad par exemple n’a pas composé d’ouvrage de jurisprudence ni n’a appelé les gens à imiter aveuglement ses avis. Accounts differ on the age in which he set out to Medina; an account placed his age at thirteen,[11] while another stated that he was in his twenties. [21], Al-Shāfi'ī died at the age of 54 on the 30th of Rajab in 204 AH (20 January 820 CE), in Al-Fustat, Egypt, and was buried in the vault of the Banū ‘Abd al-Hakam, near Mount al-Muqattam.